Cryptographic perforator.



10,739,398; PATENTBD sEP'Lzz 1903.]

GRYPTUGRAPHIG PBRPoRATom y APPLICATION IILED MAB, 19, 1903.

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Kiwa/@5025" 555% l, PATENTBD SEPT. 2z, 1903. L! l 'l GRY-ETOGRAPHIGPERFORATORJ. l l

Y APPLICATION FILED IAB.; 19, 1Q03.

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110.739.398.. f 'A 'PATBNTBD sB-PT.22,1903.

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CRYPTOGRAPHIC,'PERRORAtIIOR.k

APPLIOATION FILED IAB, I9, 1903. N nonni.. y

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UNITED SK'TA'T'itsg rammed september 22, 190:31.z

'PATENT OFFICE.

Anrecht DAY, or Nnwro'RK,` N. Y.

4CRYPTO@RAPHlo PERFoaA-roa.

SPECIFICATION forming' part of Letters Patent N'o. 739,398, latedseptember 22', 1903i Application tiled March 19,1903. Serial No.148,518. (No model.) Y

- zen of the United States, residing in New York, in the county of NewYork and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Cryptographic Perforators, of which the following is aspecification.

The specific object of, this inventionis to enable either numbers orletters, or both, to be punched or otherwise marked upon bankchecks,labels, and other papers by the use of a far smaller number of punchesor markers than has heretofore been the practice.-

In order to attain this object, I have invented a code of marking or asystem of cryptography whereby a number or other character 4may berepresented by two or three marks by using only two or three punches inplace oftwenty or more punches or markers heretofore used.

One of the leading features of my method of cryptographic notationconsists in making a universal base-mark for'all numbers and in placingindicative marks at diere'nt distances from said base-mark to representdif-v ferent digits or numerals, whereby vthe irst indicative mark readin connection with the base-mark signies the digit l, the secondindicative mark in connection with the basemark signifies 2, the next 3,and yso on. I find that by charting the indicative marks in threeequidistant rows and having three marks in each row nine digits may berepresented, and any of them may be easily read, as the reader hasmerely to gage by the eye the distance and direction of any indicativemark from the hase-mark. It is an easy matter to discern in which rowand at'which p0- sition in the row any given mark belongs, even thoughno other mark (except the basemark) is used in the cryptogram. Thebasemark not only serves for aidingthe reader to determine which of thenine positions the indicative mark occupies, but also enables him totell which way t hold the paper in order to v read the cryptogram right.By proper combinations a cryptographics'ystem based upon said nineindicative holes, in connection with two additional indicative holes,may be used for indicating any number from l to 99, and by employing aseries of indicative groups in connection with two different universalvbaseemarks any desired date may be indicated,

the first section of the cryptogram indicating the ordinal of the month,the second section the day of the month, and thel third section thedigits of the year, and'all by the use of a far smaller number ofpunches or marks than has been found practicable heretofore. In punchingchecks or sheets in quantities it is punches enables moresheetsto bepunched at one time and also permits the use of larger and more powerfulpunches, which is a desideratum, and for this reason my invention isespecially useful.

lfound that any reduction in the'number of, l

My invention has a further advantage in:

that it enables a Adate or other set of characters to be indicated in amanner that is clear to those possessing the key of the` cryptogram orcode, but is unintelligible to the general public, thus making theinvention valuable for marking labels and for many other purposes.'

While' I herein illustrate a machine adapted to perforate cryptogramsupon checksand the like according to my method, it is to be understoodthat the invention Amay be carried out in numerous ways and thata seriesofsuitable markers may be employed formarking otherwise thanbyperfora'ting and -that the invention broadly includes such a series,

whether with or without mechanism for operating the same. i In carryingout my invention in' aperforating-machine I preferably employ a group vof punches, which, if desired,'may have the form of needles, which maybe operated tov and in marking dates according to my method I equip themachine in the present instance with four groups of punches and fourcorresponding punch-controlling wheels, 4in connection with two diderentbase-punches, each wheel being adjustable by itself, so that it may beset to dierent positionsY for operating different punches in the fourgroups, the first wheel being used' for the months, theV second and thethird for the days ofl the month, and the fourth for the year.

'be understood, however, that other combinations of wheels and punchesmay be used for 'dating and that perforating and other marktod It is tovt ing machines may be otherwise equipped for this and other purposeswithin the scope of my invention.

In the drawings forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is avertical longitudinal section of a performing-machine equipped withmeans for perforating cryptograph according to my method. This viewcorresponds, except in a few particulars, to Fig. 3 of Patent No.475,440, issued May 24, 1892. Fig. 2 is a chart of acryptographic systemfor use in markingany numeral from l7 to 99.7 Fig. 3 is a sectionalfront view corresponding generally to Fig. 2 in said patent, but showingin elevation the series of groups of cryptographic punches. Fig. 4 is aplan of the machine shown in Fig. 1 and corresponds, eX- cept in a fewparticulars, with Fig. 6 in said patent. Fig. 5 is a plan of aperforated platen or female-die plate mounted beneath the punches andseen at Fig. l. This figure may be used as a chart from which any dateperforated by any selected punches may be read. In said figure is alsoshown the grouping of punches for the word Paid, according to the usualpractice. All of the punches in this figure are shown in cross-sectionand as occupying the holes in said plate. Fig. 6 is a diagram of thedevelopment of the peripheries ofthe four punch-controlling wheels shownat Fig. 4 and used in marking dates. Fig. 7 shows a series of groups ofcryptograms made in accordance with my invention and indicating thedifferent dates specified under the cryptograms.

In the several views like signs denote like parts.

The framing of the machine comprises a base-plate 20, upon which isfastened a block 21, integral with which is formed a hollow needle caseor holder 22, within which are 4mounted in this instance three ranges ofgroups of vertical needles or punches 23, 24, and 25, respectively. Saidpunches at their upper ends are guided in a fixed perforated plate 2 6and at their lower ends in a softmetal filling 27, supported upon afixed plate 2S. The punches are adapted to move down wardly,and beneaththem is provided a platen or female-die plate 29, having perforations30, corresponding with the punches, said platen forming a table uponwhich the checks pr other papers may rest while being perforated, anopening 3l between the punch-holder and platen being left for theinsertion of papers. The punches are provided with shoulders 32, whichare engaged by a lifting-plate 33, the latter being raised by members 34to return the punches to their normal position after actuation in themanner set forth in said patent.

Above the punches four annular punchcontrolling wheels 35, 36, 37, and3S are revolubly mounted upon a fixed arbor 39, so that any wheel may beturned to any desired position. The periphery of each wheel ispreferably divided into twelve facets 40, and on these are formed`groups of idle holes 4l, into wheel-lever 42 being also provided.

which enter during the descent of the group of wheels-Q1. e., during thepunching 1nove ment-such punches in the middle group or range 24 as arenot intended to be operated, it being understood that the unpiercedportion or portions of each of said facets 40 operate to drive down oneor more of the punches in a manner set forth in said patent. Foreffecting the downward movement the arbor 39 is fixed upon a lever 42,pivoted at 43 upon the framework and operated by a link 44 andtoggle-lever 45, a return-spring 46 'for the It may here be noted thatthe plates 47 48, provided upon the lever 42 and flanking the bottomportions of the wheels, serve to operate the outside groups 22% and 25of needles forperforating the word Paid or any other words or marks inthe manner set forth in said patent. Each wheel is provided with alocking or retaining pin 49, which may enter any of the radial holes 50,formed in the wheel between the facets 40, and may also enter alocking-groove 51, formed in the fixed arbor 39 in the manner set forthin said patent.

In Fig, 2 is shown a chart of a simple grouping of punches arranged inthree rows, three in a row,-and numbered from 1 to 9, inelusive. At theleft-hand upper corner of the diagram is a two-part base-punch 52-thatis to say, a punch adapted to make twin holes in the paper-these twinholes servingr as position-holes, from whence the distance and directionof any one or more of the other holes may be gaged by the eye of thereader, and since they always occur at the left-hand upper corner of anycryptogram in which they are used the reader is enabled to tell in whatway to hold the paper in order to read the cryptogram correctly. Anyother style of base-punch, whether multipartite or simple, may beemployed.

It will be understood if the punch l is used alone of the nineindicative punches the reader will perceive that the hole made therebyoccupies the position of the iirst hole in the first row, and hence thatit is intended to represent 1. Likewise if the second punch in the firstrow is used alone the reader is enabled to tell from judging thedistance between its hole and the base-hole that the second punch in thefirst row was used, from which he understands that the hole reads 2, andso on with the remaining holes in the series of nine, the reader beingeasily able to tell in which row the hole falls and at which point inthe row, whether the middle point or at one of the end points. At apoint without said three rows, and preferably thereabove, I provide, asat Fig. 2, a punch marked 0, which makes a hole to represent a cipher,so that if said hole is punched in connection With any of the other ninedigit-holes the combination represents 10,7 20, 30, or other multiple often, as the case may be, up to ninety. Said punch 0, it will be noted,has a staggering relation to the punches l IIC I punched in verticalline with any digit-hole which is punched vin con'nection'therewith,whereby liability of confusion and mistakes is avoided. In reading acryptogram one hole directly above another indicates a combination oftwo of the digits l to 9, in-

clusive, while two holes one above'the other, but slightly out of linetherewith, indicates a combination of a digit with either a double or anO, as the case may be. The staggering of 0 and D thus affords amaterialaid in the quick deciphering of the cryptograms. Y

In denoting numbers -above 11 two punches may be used, such as 1 and 2,.to indicate 12, 5 and 6 to indicate 56, and so on; Ifhowever, it isdesired to denote a number in which the tens digit is greater than theunit digit, I prefer to employ three punches in place of two, the thirdpunch being the O seen at the top of the chart, which it will beunderstood is always to be read in connection with the greater of thetwo digits punched, so that in case, for instance, a cryptogram ispunched with the 3, the 4, and the O the 4: and the O taken togethersignify 40, and these,

together with the 3, signify 40 plus 3,

or 43, and not 34, since if 34 were intended the 0 would not be used.

It will be understood that in Fig. 2 isshown only one illustration of amethod of cryptographic notation and that other methods or othergroupingsmay be used within the scope of my improvements and not onlyfor purposes of notation, but also to indicate letters or othercharacters, if desired. v

I divide the periphery of each punch-controlling wheel 35 to 38 into asmany facets as are desired, and it will be understood that every idlehole is seen upon each facet'at Fig, except that hole which wouldcorrespond to the particular punch or punches which that facet isintended to operate. At-said figure is illustrated a development of thefacets of the four wheels 35 to 38, inclusive. At the beginning .of thefirst wheel, 35, which is shown at the i y right hand of the set ofwheels, it will be seen l,that idle holes are provided for all thepunches excepting the first punch in the first row, it beingunderstoodthat the facets are all negatives. This facet will control thepunch for marking l and is hence indicated as 1 in said figure. Thepoint at which the punch l impinges upon the facet is indicated by adot, Whereas the idle holes are lindicated by circles. The next facet onthe wheel showsidle holes for all of the' punches exceptthe second onein the rst row, which punch makes a hole or mark'in the cryptogram toindicate 2, and hence'said facet is indicated as 2 in the margin. Thethird facet is adapted to operate the third punch in the first row, andso on down to t-he ninth facet, which operates the third punch iu thethird row. Inthe tenth facet idle holes are shown for all the punchesexcept l and` O, which, taken together, make ten, so that in the marginsaid facet is marked 10. AThe next facet shows idle holes for all ofsaid punches except the 1 andthe D, (standing for double.) Therefore theholes punched by this facet would mean eleven, so that it is marked 1lin the margin. The next facet showsidle holes forall the punches except1 and 2, which indicate twelve, as marked in the'margin.

It should be explained that in connection with the retaining-pins49,-which are inserted in the pin-holes 50 between the wheel-facets, Iemploy a series of whole numbers from l to 12, which I stamp upon thewheel between the facets 40 in proximity to said pin` holes 50, so thatwhen a pin passes through any of said holes and into the registeringslot 5l in the fixed arbor '39 the wheel is in position for controllinga punch or punches to make a cryptogram for the particular numberstamped opposite said pin-hole. For instance, when said pin is in thehole marked 3 on the wheel 35, Fig. 6, this being at the top of thewheel, the facet marked 3 in the vmargin is at the bottom of the wheeland in' position for cooperating with the punches therebelow. Thus byinserting the pin 49 in any selected hole and positioning the wheelthereby the operator may set the machine for making any desiredcryptogram.

It is obvious that the single wheel 35 may vbe used in a perforating orother marking machine without other wheels and that so long IOO IIO

as it-controls punches for making the desired i 1 cryptograms it is notessential in all cases that the particular controlling means hereinshown be employed nor that the punches or needles in all cases bemounted independently of the wheel, it being understood that myimprovements may be applied to any construction of perforator or markerand that any kind of punching or marking means may be mounted andoperated in any'desired mauner. In this instance the wheel .35 is usedfor indicating the ordinal of the months, and

in connection therewith the second wheel 36 is used for indicating thedigits in the days of the month. Since there are only three of said tensdigits necessary` for this purpose, I have provided nine of the twelvefacets on said wheel, each with a full complement of three idle holes,into-which may project the entire group ofthree-punches shown at 53 inVFig. 5, these needles occupying positions 1, 2, and 3, respectively. VInthe iirst facet-on said wheel, it will be observed, are idle holes forthe second and third needles, so that said facet may operate the firstpunch. The second facet has idle holes for the first and third needles,and so operates the second punch, While the third facet has idle holesfor the first and second punch, and so operates the third punch. None ofthe rest of the facets are needed to operate any of the punches, so thatall of them are provided with three idle holes, and at suitable pointsthe numbers 1, 2, and 3 are marked opposite the appropriate pin-holes50, so as to guide the operator in setting the wheel.

Triplicate base-punches 54, (shown at Fig. 5,) which are preferably oflarger diameter than the indicative punches,it will be understood, aremounted between the group of punches 53 and the first-described group ofpunches, (indicated as 54a at Fig. 5.) It will also be understood thatno idle holes are provided for said base-punches in any of the wheels,but that the unperforated edge portions of the facets of the wheelsbeardirectly down upon the base-punches, so that the latter are forcedthrough the paper at every operation of the machine, so as to punchuniversal or uniform base-holes for all cryptograms, thereby aiding thereader in deciphering the number or sign denoted by any cryptogram Thethird wheel 37 is used for the unit digit in indicating the days of themonth -and is similar in all respects to the first wheel 35, eX- ceptthat no idle hole or punch D is needed or used in denoting the days ofthe month. If it is desired to denote 11, each of the wheels 36 and 37is set to 1, or if 22 each is set to 2. It will also be noted that thefacets 11 and 12 on the third wheel 37 are provided each with a fullcomplement of idle holes, since this wheel is not used except for makingten digits from 1 to 0, inclusive, and said facets 11 and 12 are notemployed. The group of punches controlled by said wheel 37 is indicatedat 55.

The fourth punch-controlling wheel 38 may be similar to the first wheel35 in all respects, the group of punches controlled thereby beingindicated at 56, Fig. 5, so that said wheel is enabled to indicate fromL"1 to 12, inclusive, therebydenotingany selected yearinacycle of twelveyears. Between the groups 56 and 55 is provided a three-part base-punch58, which is similar to the base-punch 54. It will be understood thatany suitable base-punch may be employed in carrying out my invention,that used at Figs. 2 and 3 being in the form of two circular holes,which taken together may be regarded as a double hole. Vheels having agreater or smaller number of facets may be employed and that there maybe less or more than four wheels mounted in a machine for meetingvarious requirements.

The mechanism operates substantially in the manner set forth in saidpatent. The operator by manipulating the pin 49 for each of thenumber-wheels is enabled to set the same, being guided by the normalnumbers printed opposite the pin-holes 50. Then the paper is inserted inthe opening 31, and the handle 45 is brought down to operate the punchesVand form a cryptogram. At the same time the groups of punches 23 and 25are operated for punching any desired normal words or characters inconnection with the cryptogram, although it will be understood that saidgroups are putin principally for the sake of illustration and that my`invention may be ernployed either with or without extraneous punchingor marking means, as may be de sired. If the operator desires to punchMarch 26, 1903, for instance, he sets the first wheel with the pin 44 inthe hole 50 opposite the numeral 3, stamped on said wheel, the facet 3being now at the bottom of the wheel. I-Ie then similarly adjusts thesecond wheel 36 to the pin-hole 2, the third wheel 37 to the hole 6, andthe fourth wheel 3S to the hole 3, thereupon inserting the paper andbringing down the handle 45. By this means there will be punched in thepaper a cryptogram such as seen in the upper diagram at Fig. 7, fromwhich the reader will readily see that one indicative hole stands at thethird point in the upper row at the left of the first basehole, therebyindicating the numeral 3, which is the ordinal for the month of March;that a hole is punched at the second point in the first row at the rightof said base-hole, thereby indicating a 2; that a hole is also punchedin the third point in the second row at the left of the secondbase-hole, thereby indicating a 6, which, taken together with said 2,reads 26, meaning the 26th of March. It will also be observed that atthe right of the second base-hole ahole is punched at the third point inthe first row, meaning 3, whereby it will be understood that thecryptogram means March 26, 1903. In the following cryptogram at Fig. 7 ahole 3 is made by the second wheel, in connection with a 0 hole made bythe third wheel, indicating 30, the whole cryptogram indicating June 30,1906, as is apparent. In the third cryptogram in said gure there isshown at the right of the second base-mark, a hole for 1 and a hole fordouble, indicating 11, the whole cryptogram reading January 31, 1911. Inthe fourth cryptogram the second wheel is set with the pin 49 oppositeany unmarked hole 50, while the third wheel is set topuncha hole 3, thewhole cryptogram indicating December 3, 1945. It will be understood, ofcourse, that for making 45 a differently-perforated year-wheel may besubstituted for that illustrated at 38, Fig. 6. At the last cryptogram,Fig. 7, the year indicated is 63, the hole 6 and the hole 0 being takentogether to mean 60, and the two holes taken together with the 3indicating 63, it being understood that if 36 were intended the O holewould be omit- IOO IZO

, punches.

ted.v With a little practice it becomes pospracticable to use a largenumber of punches in perforating. paper, for which purposes my inventionhas great utility. It is also useful in cases Where it is desired toplace secret marks upon paper or other articles to indicate dates orgures or other characters. For instance, the date ,of manufacture of anarticle may be marked thereon, sothat in case said article is returnedto the manufacturer he may ascertain thed-ate at which he sent it out,while the mark is illegible to the general public. It will be seen thata Idate or other number can be punched or marked in much less space thanhas been required heretofore. According to saidpatent, for iustance, itrequires six wheels to make adate which can be made according to myinvention ywit-h four wheels, using less .punches and -occupying lessspace upon the bank-check or other paper, and it will also -beunderstood that by using fewer needles it becomes possible to perforatea vthicker pack of papers by a single operation, which is a desideratum.

Thus it Will be seen that-I provide a series of cryptographic markersand make universal base-marks and different individual indicative marks,whereby to form a'series of crypn tograms, the indicative marks of thedifferent members of said series of markers being respectively locatedat dierent points with relation to the base-marker, so that bynoting thepositions of the. various indicativemarks produced thereby relatively tothe universal base-mark the reader is informed of the charactersrepresented by the dierent cryptograms. It will also be seen thattheindicative `marks of the 4series of markers are not only located,respectively, at different points -with relation to the base-mark, butare also so interrelated that if collated they 'would fall atsubstantially equidistant points vin substantially equidistant rows-as,for instance, charted in Fig.,2; that the tenth of the seriesofmarkers-. e., the tenth facet on wheel 35 of Fig. -taken in connection.

withthe punchY operated thereby, makes an indicative mark at a pointwhich would fall without the group of three regularrows forindicatingzero, and that the punch D also occupies aposition withoutsaid .three rows for indicating that the numeral represented by anyindicative mark Within said three rows is to be doubled to form the'intendednumbemand that the perforating-machine herein described hasadjustable means, including the punch-controlling wheels 35 t'o 38,inclu;- sive,for punchingindividualindicative holes. It willbeunderstood that the base holes or marks may be madeby any suitablemeans4 other than those herein illustrated so long as a universalbase-hole is made uponall cryptograms for guiding the reader.

Having thus described my invention, I claimp 1..,A series ofcryptographic markers promarks and different individual indicativemarks, the indicative markers of the different members of said seriesbeing respectively located at different points with relation tothebase-marker, so that by noting the positions of the various `indicativemarks produced. thereby relatively to the u niversal base-mark, thereader is informed of the characters represented.

2. A series of ycryptographic markers, all having means for producing auniversal basemark, and each marker also having means for producing auindividual indicativemark, theindicative markers of the dierent membersof the series being located respectively at'dierent points with relationto the basemarkers, and so interrelated that if collated they would fallin a symmetrical group.

3. A series of cryptographic markers, provided with means for producinga universal base-mark, each marker also havingmeaus for producing anindividual indicative mark,

the indicative markers of the different memmark, theiudicative markersof the dierenty vided with means formaking universal base- IOO IIO

members of `the series being located respec.- p

tively at different points with relation to the .base-markers., and sointerrelated that if col- `latedthey would` fall at three substantiallyequidistant points in three substantially equi- `distautrows.

5. A series of ten cryptographic numerical markers having means forproducing a universal' base-mark, each marker also having ymeans forproducing an individual indicative mark, the indicative markers of thedifferent members of the series being located respectively at differentpoints with relationtothe base-marker, and so interrelated that ifcollated they would fall at three substantially equidistant pointsinthree substantially equidistant rows, .the tenth member of said serieshaving an indicative marker atapointwhich would'fall without said rows,for indicating a zero. 6. A series of cryptographicmarkers.having,rmeans for producing a universal .basemark, each marker also having meansfor producing an individual indicative mark, the indicative markers ofthe dierent members of the series being located respectively atdifferent points with relation to the basemarks, and being sointerrelated that it collated they would fall at substantiallyequidistant points in substantially equidistant rows, and at least onemember of said series having means for making a plurality of individualindicative marks, to indicate thereby a plurality of characters.

7. A series of cryptographic numerical markers having means forproducing a universal base-mark, each marker also having means forproducing au individual indicative mark, the indicative marks of thediierent members of said series being located respectively at differentpoints with relation to the base-marker, and so interrelated that ifcollated they would fall at three substantially equidistant points inthree substantially equidistant rows, and at least one of said membersot said series having means for making a plurality of individualindicative marks, of-

Which at least one lies within said three rows and at least one lieswithout said three rows, the latter for indicating in combination withthe former a number having at least two digits.

S. A series of cryptographic numerical markers having means forproducing a universal base-mark, each marker also having means forproducing an individual indicative mark, the indicative markers of thedifferent members of the series being respectively at different pointswith relation to the basemarks, and so interrelated that if collatedwould fall at three substantially equidistant poin ts in threesubstantially equidistant rows, the tenth member of said series havingan indicative mark at a point which would fall without said rows; atleast one other member of said series having means for making aplurality of indicative marks, of which at least one lies within saidthree rows and at least one lies without said three rows, for indicatinga number having at least two digits; and at least one other member ofsaid series having means for making a plurality of indicative marksfalling at such relative positions Within said rows as to indicate bytheir combination a number above ll.

9. A series of cryptographic numerical markers having means forproducing a universal base-mark, each marker also having means forproducing an individual indicative mark, the indicative markers of thediierent members of the series being located respectively at dierentpoints with relation to the base-markers, and being so interrelated thatif collated they would fall at three substantially equidistant points inthree substantially cquidistant rows, at least one member of said serieshaving means for making a plurality of indicative marks, whereof onefalls within one of said rows, and another falls without said rows, forindicating that the numeral represented by the first-mentionedindicative mark is to be duplicated to form the intended number.

10. A series of cryptographic numerical markers having means forproducing a universal base-mark, each marker also having means forproducing an individual indicative mark, the indicative markers of thedifferent members of the series being located respectively at differentpoints with relation to the base-markers, and being so interrelated thatif collated they would fall at three substan tially equidistant pointsin three substantially equidistant rows, at least one member of saidseries having means for making a plurality of indicative marks, whereofone falls within one of said rows, and another falls without said rows,for indicating'that the numeral represented by the first-mentionediudicative mark is to be duplicated to form the intended number, and atleast one other member of the series having means for making a pluralityof marks, whereof one falls within one of said rows and another falls atadifferent point without said rows, for indicating by the combination l0or its multiple.

l1. A markingmachine provided with means for making a universal base-mark and adjustable means for making individual indicative marks,theindicative marking means for different characters being respectivelylocated at different points with relation'to the base-marker, so that oynoting the position of the indicative mark relative to the universalbase-mark, the reader is informed of the character intended to berepresented by the combination of marks.

12. A perforating-machiue provided with means for punching a universalbase-hole and adjustable means for punching individual indicative holes,the indicative punching means for different characters beingrespectively located at different points with relation to thebase-punch, so that by notingthe position ot' the indicative holerelative to the universal base-hole, the reader is informed of thecharacter intended to be represented by the combination of holes.

13. Aseries otperforating devices each having means for punching asingle individual indicative hole, the indicative punching means of thedifferent perforating devices being located respectively at differentpoints and being so interrelated that it' collated they would fall in asymmetrical group.

14. A series ot' nine perforating devices each having means for punchinga single individual indicative hole, the indicative punching means ofthe different perforating devices being respectively at differentpoints, and so interrelated that if collated they would fall at threesubstantially equidistant points in three substantially equidistantrows.

l5. A perforating-machine comprising a series of adjustablecryptographic numerical perforators, and having means for punching IOOIIO

' perforator's being located respectively at dif-k a universalbase-hole; each perforator having means for punching an individualindicative hole, theindicative punches of Vthe dierent ferent pointswith relation to the base-punch, and so interrelated that if collatedthey would fall at substantiallyequidistant pointsin substantiallyequidistant rows.

' at different points with relation -to the basepunch, and `sointerrelated thatl if collated they would fall at three substantiallyequidistant points in three substantially equidistant'.` rows, the'tenth of said perforators having an indicative punch at a point whichwould fall without said rows, for punching a hole to indicate a zero.

Y 17. Aperforating-machinecomprisinga series of adjustable cryptographicperforators, and having means for punching a universal base-hole;l eachperforator having means for punching an individual indicative hole, theindicative punches of the different perforators being -respectivelylocated at different points with relation to the base-punch, and so'interrelated' that it collated they would fall at substantiallyequidistant points in substantially equidistant rows, and at least oneof said peri'orators havingV means for punching a plurality ofindicative holes, to indicate thereby a plurality of characters.

18. Aperforating-machinecomprisinga seriesot adjustable cryptographicnumerical,

perforators, and having means for punching a universal base-hole; eachperforator having means for punching an individual indicative hole, theindicative punches of the different perforators being respectivelylocated at different points with. relation to thebase-punch, andsointerrelated thatif collated they would fall at three substantiallyequidistant points in three substantially equidistant rows, and

at least one of said perforators having means for punching a pluralityot indicative holes, of which at least one lies within said three rowsand at least one lies without said three rows, for indicating a numberhaving at least two digits. Y Y l 19.Aperforating-machinecomprisingaseries of adjustable cryptographicnumerical perforators, and-havingmeans for punching a universalbase-hole; each pe'rforator having ineans for punching an individualindicative hole, the indicative punches of the different perforatorsbeing respectively at diderent points with rel-ationto the base-punch,and so interrelated that if collated they would fall at threesubstantially equidistant points in three substantially equidistantrows, and at least one of said perforators having means for punching aplurality of indicative holes, ot'

ries of. adjustable cryptographic numerical i perforators, and havingmeans for punching a universal-base-hole; each perforator having meansfor punching an individual indicative hole, the indicative punches ofthe different perforators being respectively at diierent points withrelation to thebase-punch,l and so interrelated that if collated theywould fall at three substantiallyeqnidistant points in threesubstantially equidistant rows, and at least one of said perforatorshaving means for punching a plurality of indicative holes, of which onelies within said three rows and one lieswithout said three rows, thelatter for indicating a number having at least two digits; at least oneother of said'perforatorshaving means for punching a plurality ofindicative holes falling at such relative positions within'said rows asto indicate by their combination a knumber consisting of a series ofdigits, and at least one other 'ofsaid perforatorshaving means forpunchinga plurality of indicative holes, whereof one fallswithin one4ot' said rows, and another falls without said rows and indicates thatthe digit represented by the tirst indicative-hole is to be duplicatedtoform the intended number, y y

. 2l.y A double series of cryptographic mark,-

v ers provided with means for making a universal base-mark, eachmemberof each seriesbeing provided with means for making an indi#'vidual indicative mark, the indicative marks of the` different markersbeing respectively located at different points with relation tothebase-mark, those inone series being adapted IOO IIO

to mark upon the opposite side of said" basemark from those in the otherseries, and the indicative marking means` of the different markers beingso interrelated that if collated they would fall in two symmetricalgroups,

one group at eachvside of the base-mark.'

22. A perforatingmachine comprising two graphic numerical perforatorsand means for rator in each of the sai'dsets having means for punchingan individual indicativehole, the indicative punches of the dilerentperforators in the two sets beinglocated respec@ tively atdierent pointsrelative to the basepunch, and` so interrelated that if the holesproduced thereby weresuperposed or collated they would fall at threesubstantially equidistant points in three substantially equidistant rowsupon each side of the base-hole.

23. A date-marker comprising means for markingtwo different basefmarks,means for making cryptographic marks at dicrent'independently-adjustable sets of cryptopoints upon the left-hand sideof the first of j the base-marks for indicating the ordinals of themonths, means for making crytographic marks at different points upon theright-hand side of the first base-mark toindicate the tens digits in thedays o f the month, means for making cryptographic marks upon thelefthand side of the second base-mark to indicate the unit digits in thedays of the month, and means for making cryptographic marks at differentpoints upon the right-hand side ofthe second base mark for indicatingthe unit digits in the years.

24. A date-perforator com prising means for making two differentbase-holes, adjustable means for punching cryptographic holes atdifferent points upon the left-hand side of the first of the base-holesfor indicating ordinais of the months, adjustable means for punchingcryptographic holes at dierent points upon the right-hand side of thefirst base-hole to indicate tens digits in the days of the month,adjustable means for punching cryptographic holes upon the left-handside of the second base-hole to indicate unit digits in the days of themonth, and adjustable means for punching cryptographic holes at dilerentpoints upon the right-hand side of the second base-hole forindicatingunit digits in the years.

25. Adate-perforatorcomprising means for making two differentbase-holes, adjustable means for punching cryptographic holes atdiierent points between said base-holes to indicate by theircombinations days of the month, and means for punching cryptographicholes on the outer sides of said baseholes to indicate the month andyear.

26. A series of perforating devices having means for punching auniversal multipartite base-hole, and each perfor-ating device alsohaving means for punching an individual indicative hole, the indicativepunching means of the different perforating devices being respectivelylocated at different points With relation to the base-punch, sointerrelated that if collated they would fall in a symmetrical group.

27. A perforating-machine provided with means for punching a universalbase-hole, an adjustable Wheel, and means operable by said wheel forpunching individual indicative holes, the indicative punching means forthe different characters being respectively located so as to operate atdierent points with relation to the base-punch, so that by noting theposition of the punched yindicative hole relative to the universalbase-hole, the reader is informed of the character intended to berepresented by the combination of holes.

2S. A performing-machine comprising adevice for punching a base-hole, aseries of independently-movable punches mounted in a symmetrical group,and adjustable means for operating any selected punch or punches, saidadjustable means including a wheel having a series of groups of idleholes, each group corresponding to the grouping ofthe needles, exceptthat in each group bue idle hole is omitted, a different hole beingomitted in each group, so that the punch falling opposite the omittedhole may he driven by contact with the periphery ot' the wheel, and sothat upon noting the position of the hole so punched with reference tothe base-hole also punched, the reader is informed of the characterintended to be represented by the combination of holes.

29. A performing-machine comprising a device for punching a base-hole, aseries of independently-movable punches mounted in a symmetrical group,and adjustable means for operating any selected punch or punches, saidadjustable means including a Wheel having a series of groups of idleholes, each group corresponding to the grouping of the punches, exceptthat from each group one idle hole is omitted, a different idle holebeing omitted from each group, so that the punchfalling opposite theomitted hole may be driven by contact with the periphery of the Wheel,and a series of normal characters for guiding the operator in settingthe wheel.

30. Aperforming-machinecomprisingadevice for punching a base-hole, aseries of independently-movable punches mounted in a symmetrical group,and adjustable means for operating any selected punch or punches, saidadjustable means including a wheel having a series of groups of idleholes, each group corresponding to the grouping of the punches exceptthat from each group one idle hole is omitted, a different hole beingomitted from each group, so that the punches falling opposite theomitted hole may be driven by contact with the periphery of the Wheel, aseries of normal characters marked upon said Wheel to denote thecharacters corresponding to the holes omitted in the various groupings,and means for positioning said Wheel, said normal characters being soplaced upon the wheel that when any one thereof is in apposition to saidpositioning means, the group of holes denoted thereby is in operativerelation to said group of punches.

3l. Aperforating-machine comprisingadevice for punching a base-hole, aplurality of symmetrical groups of independently-movable punches, and aplurality of adjustable means for operating together any selected punchin the several groups, said adjustable means includinga plurality ofindependentlyadjustable punch-controlling Wheels each having a series ofgroups of idle holes, each group corresponding to the grouping of theassociated punches, except that from each group 011e idlehole isomitted, a different hole being omitted from each group, so that thepunch falling opposite the omitted hole maybe driven by contact With theperiphery of the Wheel.

32. Aperforating-machinecomprisingade- IOS vice for punching abase-hole, a plurality of symmetrical groups otindependently-movablepunches, and a plurality of adjustable means for operating together anyVselected punch in the several groups', said adjustable meansincludingaplurality of independentlyadjustable punch controlling wheels eachhaving a series of groups of idle holes, each group corresponding to thegrouping of the associated punches, except that from each group one idlehole is omitted, a d-ierent hole being omitted from each group, so thatthe punch falling opposite the omitted hole may be driven by contactwith the periphery of the wheel, one wheel with its punches beingmounted at one side of said` base-punch, and another wheel with itspunches being mounted at the other side thereof, s'o that all of theindicative marks may be read with reference to the base-hole.

33. A perforating-machine comprising a de vice for punching a base-hole,a plurality of symmetrical groups of independently-movable punches, anda plurality of adjustable means for operating together any selectedpunch in the several groups, said adjustable means including a pluralityof independentlyadjustable punchcontrolling wheels each having a seriesof groups of idle holes, each group corresponding to the grouping of theassociated punches, except that from each group one vidle hole isomitted, a diierent hole being omitted from each group, so that thepunch falling opposite the omitted hole may be driven by contact withthe periphery of the wheel, and a series of normal characters markedupon each of said wheels, to denote the characters cryptographicallyindicated by the holes punched by means of the various groupings. j

t 34. A marking-machine having means for making a universal base-mark,and means includin g two independently-ad j ustable wheels, for making adouble series of individual indicative marks, the indicative markers ofthe different wheels being respectively located at different points withrelation to the basemarker, those on one wheel being mounted so as tomark upon the opposite side ofthe basemark from those on the otherwheel, and the indicative markers of the two Wheels being sointerrelated that if collated they would fall in two symmetrical groups,one vgroup at each; side of the base-marker.

35. A perforating-machine comprising a universal base-punch and twoindependentlyadjustable wheels, each having upon its periphery a set ofcryp tographic numerical-perforators, each perforator in eachof saidsets having means for punching an individual indicative hole, theyindicative punches of tthe different perforators in the two set-s beingrespectively at different points relatively to the base-punch, and sointerrelated that if colf lated they would fall at three substantiallyequidistant points in three substantially equiv distant rows upon eachside of the base-punch, 36. A date-perforator comprising meansfor makingtwo diierent base-holes, a wheel having means for punching cryptographicholes at different points upon the left-hand side,of the irst of thebase-holes, for indicatingordinals of the months, a wheel havingmeans'for punching cryptographic` holes at `different points upon vtheright-hand side of vthe first base-hole, to indicate tens digits in theydaysof the month,a wheel having means for punching cryptographic holesupon the left-hand side v of the second base hole, to indicateY unitdigits in the days of the month, and a wheel having means for punchingcryptographic holes at different points upon the right-hand side of thesecond 'base-hole for indicating unit digits of the years.

37. Adate-perforator comprising means for making two differentbase-holes, an adjustable Wheel having means for punching cryptographicholes at different points upon the left-hand side ofthe iirst of thebase-holes, for indicating ordinals of the months, an adjustable wheelhaving means for punching cryptographic holes at different pointsAbetween said base-holes to indicate days ofthe month, and an adjustablewheel having means for punching cryptographic holes at dierent pointsupon the right-hand side of the second base-hole, for indicating unitdigits of the l

